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Fundamental exercises are a method of teaching and developing the basic skills to beginners in a formalised manner, and as such are considered the backbone of Taekwon-Do. They allow students to learn a great variety of techniques, some of which are not covered in patterns or used in sparring. Fundamental exercise can be carried out while standing in one place, or while advancing or retreating. In addition, there is a set of exercises performed in a four-directional , almost like mini patterns.
There are a variable number of these exercises, depending on the organisation. Listed below are the most common variations taught to beginners; two variations of saju-jirugi, and saju-makgi. There is also saju-tulgi, which can be taught to 2nd Kup students.
Saju indicates 'four' as in direction; jirugi means a punch. Saju-jirugi therefore means 'four-direction punch'. Similarly, saju-makgi means 'four-direction block', and saju-tulgi 'four-direction thrust'.
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Saju-Jirugi | Saju-Makgi | Saju-Tulgi |
| Listen | Listen | ||
| View Saju-Jirugi video | View Saju-Makgi video | View Saju-Tulgi video | |
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SAJU-JIRUGIReady Posture - Narani Junbi Sogi |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Move | Motion | Stance | Technique | Name |
| Start | Ready at X | Parallel toward D | Ready Stance | Narani junbi Sogi |
| 1 | RF fwd to D | R. Walking toward D | RH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| 2 | RF bwd to A | L. Walking toward B | LH outer forearm low block | Gunnun so bakat palmok najunde makgi |
| 3 | RF fwd to B | R. Walking toward B | RH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| 4 | RF bwd to D | L. Walking toward C | LH outer forearm low block | Gunnun so bakat palmok najunde makgi |
| 5 | RF fwd to C | R. Walking toward C | RH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| 6 | RF bwd to B | L. Walking toward A | LH outer forearm low block | Gunnun so bakat palmok najunde makgi |
| 7 | RF fwd to A | R. Walking toward A | RH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| 8 | Return to the ready position facing D | |||
| 9 | LF fwd to D | L. Walking toward D | LH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| 10 | LF bwd to B | R. Walking toward A | RH outer forearm low block | Gunnun so bakat palmok kaunde makgi |
| 11 | LF fwd to A | L. Walking toward A | LH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| 12 | LF bwd to D | R. Walking toward C | RH outer forearm low block | Gunnun so bakat palmok kaunde makgi |
| 13 | LF fwd to C | L. Walking toward C | LH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| 14 | LF bwd to A | R. Walking toward B | RH outer forearm low block | Gunnun so bakat palmok kaunde makgi |
| 15 | LF fwd to B | L. Walking toward B | LH middle front punch | Gunnun so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi |
| End | Bring Left foot to the ready position | |||
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SAJU-MAKGIReady Posture - Narani Junbi Sogi |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Move | Motion | Stance | Technique | Name |
| Start | Ready at X | Parallel toward D | Ready Stance | Narani junbi Sogi |
| 1 | RF bwd to C | L. Walking toward D | LH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 2 | RF fwd to D | R. Walking toward D | RH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| 3 | RF bwd to A | L. Walking toward B | LH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 4 | RF fwd to B | R. Walking toward B | RH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| 5 | RF bwd to D | L. Walking toward C | LH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 6 | RF fwd to C | R. Walking toward C | RH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| 7 | RF bwd to B | L. Walking toward A | LH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 8 | RF fwd to A | R. Walking toward A | RH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| 9 | Return to the ready position facing D | |||
| 10 | LF bwd to C | R. Walking toward D | RH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 11 | LF fwd to D | L. Walking toward D | LH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| 12 | LF bwd to B | R. Walking toward A | RH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 13 | LF fwd to A | L. Walking toward A | LH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| 14 | LF bwd to D | R. Walking toward C | RH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 15 | LF fwd to C | L. Walking toward C | LH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| 16 | LF bwd to A | R. Walking toward B | RH knifehand low block | Gunnun so sonkal nopunde makgi |
| 17 | LF fwd to B | L. Walking toward B | LH inner forearm middle block | Gunnun so an palmok kaunde makgi |
| End | Bring Left foot to the ready position | |||
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SAJU-TULGIMovements - 4Ready Posture - Narani Junbi Sogi Direction: Anti Clockwise |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Move | Motion | Stance | Technique | Name |
| Start | Ready at X | Parallel toward D | Ready Stance | Narani junbi Sogi |
| 1 | Slide bwd to D | L. L-stance toward C | R elbow side thrust to D | Niunja so palkup yop tulgi |
| 2 | Slide bwd to B | L. L-stance toward A | R elbow side thrust to B | Niunja so palkup yop tulgi |
| 3 | Slide bwd to C | L. L-stance toward D | R elbow side thrust to C | Niunja so palkup yop tulgi |
| 4 | Slide bwd to A | L. L-stance toward B | R elbow side thrust to A | Niunja so palkup yop tulgi |
| End | Bring Right foot to the ready position | |||
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